Cognitive functioning as a predictor of employment status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A 2-year longitudinal study

Dennis A.M. Van Gorp; Karin Van Der Hiele; Marco A.P. Heerings; Peter J. Jongen; Jac J.L. Van Der Klink; Michiel F. Reneman; Edo P.J. Arnoldus; Ernesto A.C. Beenakker; Jeroen J.J. Van Eijk; Stephan T.F.M. Frequin; Koen De Gans; Elske Hoitsma; Jop P. Mostert; Wim I.M. Verhagen; Désirée Zemel; Leo H. Visser; Huub A.M. Middelkoop

doi:10.1007/s10072-019-03999-w

Cognitive functioning as a predictor of employment status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A 2-year longitudinal study

Dennis A.M. Van Gorp^*
, Karin Van Der Hiele
, Marco A.P. Heerings
, Peter J. Jongen
, Jac J.L. Van Der Klink
, Michiel F. Reneman
, Edo P.J. Arnoldus
, Ernesto A.C. Beenakker
, Jeroen J.J. Van Eijk
, Stephan T.F.M. Frequin
, Koen De Gans
, Elske Hoitsma
, Jop P. Mostert
, Wim I.M. Verhagen
, Désirée Zemel
, Leo H. Visser
, Huub A.M. Middelkoop

^*Corresponding author for this work

Tranzo

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

Background
Cognitive functioning has been linked to employment outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) in cross-sectional studies. Longitudinal studies are however lacking and previous studies did not extensively examine executive functioning.

Objectives
We examined whether baseline cognitive functioning predicts a change in employment status after 2 years, while taking into account mood, fatigue and disability level.

Methods
A total of 124 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (pwMS) and 60 healthy controls were included. They underwent neurological and neuropsychological examinations and completed online questionnaires. PwMS were divided into a stable and deteriorated employment status group (SES and DES), based on employment status 2 years after baseline. We first examined baseline differences between the SES and DES groups in cognitive functioning, mood, fatigue and disability level. A logistic regression analysis was performed, with change in employment status (SES/DES) as dependent variable.

Results
The DES group included 22% pwMS. Group differences were found in complex attention, executive functioning, self-reported cognitive functioning, fatigue and physical disability. More physical disability (OR = 1.90, p = 0.01) and lower executive functioning (OR = 0.30, p = 0.03) were retained as independent predictors of DES (R2 = 0.22, p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions
Baseline physical disability and executive functioning, but none of the other variables, moderately predicted a deterioration in employment status 2 years later.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2555-2564
Journal	Neurological Sciences
Volume	40
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-019-03999-w
Publication status	Published - 2019

Keywords

ANXIETY
Cognition
DEPRESSION
DIFFICULTIES
DISORDERS
Employment
Executive function
FATIGUE
IMPAIRMENT
MINIMAL ASSESSMENT
Multiple sclerosis
PERFORMANCE
Physically disabled
VALIDITY
WORK
Work

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Van Gorp, D. A. M., Van Der Hiele, K., Heerings, M. A. P., Jongen, P. J., Van Der Klink, J. J. L., Reneman, M. F., Arnoldus, E. P. J., Beenakker, E. A. C., Van Eijk, J. J. J., Frequin, S. T. F. M., De Gans, K., Hoitsma, E., Mostert, J. P., Verhagen, W. I. M., Zemel, D., Visser, L. H., & Middelkoop, H. A. M. (2019). Cognitive functioning as a predictor of employment status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A 2-year longitudinal study. Neurological Sciences, 40(12), 2555-2564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-019-03999-w

@article{bdc244494be240bbb27f0771d2317ca9,

title = "Cognitive functioning as a predictor of employment status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A 2-year longitudinal study",

abstract = "Background Cognitive functioning has been linked to employment outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) in cross-sectional studies. Longitudinal studies are however lacking and previous studies did not extensively examine executive functioning. Objectives We examined whether baseline cognitive functioning predicts a change in employment status after 2 years, while taking into account mood, fatigue and disability level. Methods A total of 124 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (pwMS) and 60 healthy controls were included. They underwent neurological and neuropsychological examinations and completed online questionnaires. PwMS were divided into a stable and deteriorated employment status group (SES and DES), based on employment status 2 years after baseline. We first examined baseline differences between the SES and DES groups in cognitive functioning, mood, fatigue and disability level. A logistic regression analysis was performed, with change in employment status (SES/DES) as dependent variable. Results The DES group included 22\% pwMS. Group differences were found in complex attention, executive functioning, self-reported cognitive functioning, fatigue and physical disability. More physical disability (OR = 1.90, p = 0.01) and lower executive functioning (OR = 0.30, p = 0.03) were retained as independent predictors of DES (R2 = 0.22, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Baseline physical disability and executive functioning, but none of the other variables, moderately predicted a deterioration in employment status 2 years later.",

keywords = "ANXIETY, Cognition, DEPRESSION, DIFFICULTIES, DISORDERS, Employment, Executive function, FATIGUE, IMPAIRMENT, MINIMAL ASSESSMENT, Multiple sclerosis, PERFORMANCE, Physically disabled, VALIDITY, WORK, Work",

author = "\{Van Gorp\}, \{Dennis A.M.\} and \{Van Der Hiele\}, Karin and Heerings, \{Marco A.P.\} and Jongen, \{Peter J.\} and \{Van Der Klink\}, \{Jac J.L.\} and Reneman, \{Michiel F.\} and Arnoldus, \{Edo P.J.\} and Beenakker, \{Ernesto A.C.\} and \{Van Eijk\}, \{Jeroen J.J.\} and Frequin, \{Stephan T.F.M.\} and \{De Gans\}, Koen and Elske Hoitsma and Mostert, \{Jop P.\} and Verhagen, \{Wim I.M.\} and D{\'e}sir{\'e}e Zemel and Visser, \{Leo H.\} and Middelkoop, \{Huub A.M.\}",

year = "2019",

doi = "10.1007/s10072-019-03999-w",

language = "English",

volume = "40",

pages = "2555--2564",

journal = "Neurological Sciences",

issn = "1590-1874",

publisher = "Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l.",

number = "12",

}

Van Gorp, DAM, Van Der Hiele, K, Heerings, MAP, Jongen, PJ, Van Der Klink, JJL, Reneman, MF, Arnoldus, EPJ, Beenakker, EAC, Van Eijk, JJJ, Frequin, STFM, De Gans, K, Hoitsma, E, Mostert, JP, Verhagen, WIM, Zemel, D, Visser, LH & Middelkoop, HAM 2019, 'Cognitive functioning as a predictor of employment status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A 2-year longitudinal study', Neurological Sciences, vol. 40, no. 12, pp. 2555-2564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-019-03999-w

TY - JOUR

T1 - Cognitive functioning as a predictor of employment status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

T2 - A 2-year longitudinal study

AU - Van Gorp, Dennis A.M.

AU - Van Der Hiele, Karin

AU - Heerings, Marco A.P.

AU - Jongen, Peter J.

AU - Van Der Klink, Jac J.L.

AU - Reneman, Michiel F.

AU - Arnoldus, Edo P.J.

AU - Beenakker, Ernesto A.C.

AU - Van Eijk, Jeroen J.J.

AU - Frequin, Stephan T.F.M.

AU - De Gans, Koen

AU - Hoitsma, Elske

AU - Mostert, Jop P.

AU - Verhagen, Wim I.M.

AU - Zemel, Désirée

AU - Visser, Leo H.

AU - Middelkoop, Huub A.M.

PY - 2019

Y1 - 2019

N2 - Background Cognitive functioning has been linked to employment outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) in cross-sectional studies. Longitudinal studies are however lacking and previous studies did not extensively examine executive functioning. Objectives We examined whether baseline cognitive functioning predicts a change in employment status after 2 years, while taking into account mood, fatigue and disability level. Methods A total of 124 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (pwMS) and 60 healthy controls were included. They underwent neurological and neuropsychological examinations and completed online questionnaires. PwMS were divided into a stable and deteriorated employment status group (SES and DES), based on employment status 2 years after baseline. We first examined baseline differences between the SES and DES groups in cognitive functioning, mood, fatigue and disability level. A logistic regression analysis was performed, with change in employment status (SES/DES) as dependent variable. Results The DES group included 22% pwMS. Group differences were found in complex attention, executive functioning, self-reported cognitive functioning, fatigue and physical disability. More physical disability (OR = 1.90, p = 0.01) and lower executive functioning (OR = 0.30, p = 0.03) were retained as independent predictors of DES (R2 = 0.22, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Baseline physical disability and executive functioning, but none of the other variables, moderately predicted a deterioration in employment status 2 years later.

AB - Background Cognitive functioning has been linked to employment outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS) in cross-sectional studies. Longitudinal studies are however lacking and previous studies did not extensively examine executive functioning. Objectives We examined whether baseline cognitive functioning predicts a change in employment status after 2 years, while taking into account mood, fatigue and disability level. Methods A total of 124 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (pwMS) and 60 healthy controls were included. They underwent neurological and neuropsychological examinations and completed online questionnaires. PwMS were divided into a stable and deteriorated employment status group (SES and DES), based on employment status 2 years after baseline. We first examined baseline differences between the SES and DES groups in cognitive functioning, mood, fatigue and disability level. A logistic regression analysis was performed, with change in employment status (SES/DES) as dependent variable. Results The DES group included 22% pwMS. Group differences were found in complex attention, executive functioning, self-reported cognitive functioning, fatigue and physical disability. More physical disability (OR = 1.90, p = 0.01) and lower executive functioning (OR = 0.30, p = 0.03) were retained as independent predictors of DES (R2 = 0.22, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Baseline physical disability and executive functioning, but none of the other variables, moderately predicted a deterioration in employment status 2 years later.

KW - ANXIETY

KW - Cognition

KW - DEPRESSION

KW - DIFFICULTIES

KW - DISORDERS

KW - Employment

KW - Executive function

KW - FATIGUE

KW - IMPAIRMENT

KW - MINIMAL ASSESSMENT

KW - Multiple sclerosis

KW - PERFORMANCE

KW - Physically disabled

KW - VALIDITY

KW - WORK

KW - Work

U2 - 10.1007/s10072-019-03999-w

DO - 10.1007/s10072-019-03999-w

M3 - Article

SN - 1590-1874

VL - 40

SP - 2555

EP - 2564

JO - Neurological Sciences

JF - Neurological Sciences

IS - 12

ER -

Cognitive functioning as a predictor of employment status in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A 2-year longitudinal study

Abstract

Keywords

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