Abstract
Little is known about the relationship between emotional distress and mortality in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Our aim was to examine the predictive value of general negative and positive affect, and depressive symptoms (including its components somatic symptoms and cognitive-affective symptoms) for mortality.
Methods
ICD patients (N = 591, 81% male, mean age = 62.7 ± 10.1 years) completed the Global Mood Scale to measure the independent dimensions negative and positive mood, and the Beck Depression Inventory to measure depressive symptoms. Covariates consisted of demographic and clinical variables.
Results
During the median follow-up of 3.2 years, 96 (16.2%) patients died. After controlling for covariates, negative affect was significantly related to all-cause mortality (HR = 1.034, p = 0.002), whereas positive affect was not (HR = 1.007, p = 0.61). Depressive symptoms were also independently associated with an increased mortality risk (HR = 1.031, p = 0.030) and somatic symptoms of depression in particular (HR = 1.130, p = 0.003), but cognitive-affective symptoms were not associated with mortality (HR = 0.968, p = 0.29). When entering both significant psychological predictors in a covariate-adjusted model, negative mood remained significant (HR = 1.039, p = 0.009), but somatic symptoms of depression did not (HR = 0.988, p = 0.78). Similar results were found for cardiac-related death. Of covariates, increased age, CRT, appropriate shocks were positively related to death.
Conclusions
Negative affect in general was related to mortality, but reduced positive affect was not. Depression, particularly its somatic symptoms, was also related to mortality, while cognitive-affective symptoms were not. Future research may further focus on the differential predictive value of emotional distress factors, as well as on mechanisms that relate emotional distress factors to mortality.
Keywords: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator, Mortality, Negative mood, Positive mood, Depression
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 327-332 |
| Journal | International Journal of Cardiology |
| Volume | 165 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2013 |
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Emotional distress, positive affect, and mortality in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. / van den Broek, K.C.; Tekle, F.B.; Habibovic, M.; Alings, M.; van der Voort, P.H.; Denollet, J.
In: International Journal of Cardiology, Vol. 165, No. 2, 2013, p. 327-332.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Emotional distress, positive affect, and mortality in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator
AU - van den Broek, K.C.
AU - Tekle, F.B.
AU - Habibovic, M.
AU - Alings, M.
AU - van der Voort, P.H.
AU - Denollet, J.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - BackgroundLittle is known about the relationship between emotional distress and mortality in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Our aim was to examine the predictive value of general negative and positive affect, and depressive symptoms (including its components somatic symptoms and cognitive-affective symptoms) for mortality.MethodsICD patients (N = 591, 81% male, mean age = 62.7 ± 10.1 years) completed the Global Mood Scale to measure the independent dimensions negative and positive mood, and the Beck Depression Inventory to measure depressive symptoms. Covariates consisted of demographic and clinical variables.ResultsDuring the median follow-up of 3.2 years, 96 (16.2%) patients died. After controlling for covariates, negative affect was significantly related to all-cause mortality (HR = 1.034, p = 0.002), whereas positive affect was not (HR = 1.007, p = 0.61). Depressive symptoms were also independently associated with an increased mortality risk (HR = 1.031, p = 0.030) and somatic symptoms of depression in particular (HR = 1.130, p = 0.003), but cognitive-affective symptoms were not associated with mortality (HR = 0.968, p = 0.29). When entering both significant psychological predictors in a covariate-adjusted model, negative mood remained significant (HR = 1.039, p = 0.009), but somatic symptoms of depression did not (HR = 0.988, p = 0.78). Similar results were found for cardiac-related death. Of covariates, increased age, CRT, appropriate shocks were positively related to death.ConclusionsNegative affect in general was related to mortality, but reduced positive affect was not. Depression, particularly its somatic symptoms, was also related to mortality, while cognitive-affective symptoms were not. Future research may further focus on the differential predictive value of emotional distress factors, as well as on mechanisms that relate emotional distress factors to mortality.Keywords: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator, Mortality, Negative mood, Positive mood, Depression
AB - BackgroundLittle is known about the relationship between emotional distress and mortality in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Our aim was to examine the predictive value of general negative and positive affect, and depressive symptoms (including its components somatic symptoms and cognitive-affective symptoms) for mortality.MethodsICD patients (N = 591, 81% male, mean age = 62.7 ± 10.1 years) completed the Global Mood Scale to measure the independent dimensions negative and positive mood, and the Beck Depression Inventory to measure depressive symptoms. Covariates consisted of demographic and clinical variables.ResultsDuring the median follow-up of 3.2 years, 96 (16.2%) patients died. After controlling for covariates, negative affect was significantly related to all-cause mortality (HR = 1.034, p = 0.002), whereas positive affect was not (HR = 1.007, p = 0.61). Depressive symptoms were also independently associated with an increased mortality risk (HR = 1.031, p = 0.030) and somatic symptoms of depression in particular (HR = 1.130, p = 0.003), but cognitive-affective symptoms were not associated with mortality (HR = 0.968, p = 0.29). When entering both significant psychological predictors in a covariate-adjusted model, negative mood remained significant (HR = 1.039, p = 0.009), but somatic symptoms of depression did not (HR = 0.988, p = 0.78). Similar results were found for cardiac-related death. Of covariates, increased age, CRT, appropriate shocks were positively related to death.ConclusionsNegative affect in general was related to mortality, but reduced positive affect was not. Depression, particularly its somatic symptoms, was also related to mortality, while cognitive-affective symptoms were not. Future research may further focus on the differential predictive value of emotional distress factors, as well as on mechanisms that relate emotional distress factors to mortality.Keywords: Implantable cardioverter defibrillator, Mortality, Negative mood, Positive mood, Depression
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.071
DO - 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.071
M3 - Article
VL - 165
SP - 327
EP - 332
JO - International Journal of Cardiology
JF - International Journal of Cardiology
SN - 0167-5273
IS - 2
ER -