Engagement and avoidance in support staff working with people with intellectual disability and challenging behavior: A multiple-case study

Background
Challenging behaviour of clients influences emotional wellbeing of staff; this in turn affects levels of staff engagement and avoidance within interactions with clients. The main goal of this study was to investigate to what extent levels of staff engagement and staff avoidance are related to challenging and desirable client behaviours and clients' initiatives for contact.
Method
Participants were 8 support staff and 3 clients. Staff and client behaviours were measured within moments of interaction in natural settings using systematic observational data.
Results
The results showed that general levels of staff engagement, avoidance, and client behaviours seem to be related. However, individual, sequential analyses do not support these relationships.
Conclusions
Future research should take a more individual and intrapersonal view of staff behaviour and staff–client interaction into account, in order to obtain a detailed and realistic image of individual patterns in interactions between support staff and clients.
Keywords: support staff, challenging behaviour, engagement, avoidance, interaction