Fostering inclusive workplaces for vulnerable groups: The development of the dynamic inclusive workplace adoption model

Although the importance of inclusive employer behavior for increasing the labor market inclusion of vulnerable workers has gained attention in both research and policy, few efforts have been undertaken to gain insight in the development processes of inclusive employer behavior over time. In this study, we explore the key phases and practices that characterize the process of developing inclusive employer behavior towards vulnerable workers. We interviewed 18 representatives of organizations that obtained a certificate for their advanced involvement in offering sustainable and decent employment to vulnerable workers (e.g., people with disabilities, long-term unemployed persons). Building on the interview data, the Diffusion of Innovation Theory and Critical Incident Technique, the Dynamic Inclusive Workplace Adoption (DIWA) Model was developed. This model describes the processes and practices of initiating and implementing inclusive employer behavior. In addition, the DIWA Model provides innovative insights into relapse loops in process of building inclusive employer behavior and the practices used to redirect relapsing effects. We discuss implications of the DIWA Model for creating inclusive work opportunities for vulnerable groups and provide suggestions for future research endeavors