Labour migration and substitution (updated): Second, revised version

This (revised) paper compares the outcomes of several national and international studies on substitution as a consequence of migrants entering the labour market. Substitution appears if finding a job by one person results in the job loss (or non-obtaining of a job) of another person. The recruitment of labour migrants, as several sources indicate, ends almost exclusively in flexible, temporary and short-term labour contracts. Migration does not lead to direct substitution, but further facilitates the externalisation and flexibilisation of the labour market.