Macroprudential Policies Beyond Banking: The Case of Borrower-Based Measures

The argument for applying borrower-based measures (BBMs) to non-banks to make these institutions more resilient is weaker than in the case of banks, as non-bank failures create fewer negative externalities. At the same time, the implications of extending the scope of BBMs to non-banks for income and wealth distributions may be more negative, as this would leave younger and poorer households with no options to obtain housing finance. Therefore, it is not obvious that countries that apply BBMs to banks should be required to apply them to non-banks as well.