On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe

M. Yik; C. Mues; I.N.L. Sze; P. Kuppens; F. Tuerlinckx; K. de Roover; F.H.C. Kwok; S.H. Schwartz; M. Abu-Hilal; D.F. Adebayo; P. Aguilar; M. Al-Bahrani; M.H. Anderson; L. Andrade; D. Bratko; E. Bushina; J.W. Choi; J. Cieciuch; V. Dru; U. Evers; R. Fischer; I.A. Florez; R.B. Garðarsdóttir; Aikaterini Gari; Sylvie Graf; Peter Halama; Jamin Halberstadt; Magdalena S Halim; Renata M Heilman; Martina Hřebíčková; Johannes Alfons Karl; Goran Knežević; Michal Kohút; Martin Kolnes; Ljiljana B Lazarević; Nadezhda Lebedeva; Julie Lee; Young-Ho Lee; Chunquan Liu; Rasmus Mannerström; Iris Marušić; Florence Nansubuga; Oluyinka Ojedokun; Joonha Park; Tracey Platt; René T Proyer; Anu Realo; Jean-Pierre Rolland; Willibald Ruch; Desiree Ruiz; Florencia M Sortheix; Alexander Georg Stahlmann; Ana Stojanov; Włodzimierz Strus; Maya Tamir; Cláudio Torres; Angela Trujillo; Thi Khanh Ha Truong; Akira Utsugi; Michele Vecchione; Lei Wang; James A Russell

doi:10.1037/emo0001095

On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe

M. Yik, C. Mues, I.N.L. Sze, P. Kuppens, F. Tuerlinckx, K. de Roover, F.H.C. Kwok, S.H. Schwartz, M. Abu-Hilal, D.F. Adebayo, P. Aguilar, M. Al-Bahrani, M.H. Anderson, L. Andrade, D. Bratko, E. Bushina, J.W. Choi, J. Cieciuch, V. Dru, U. EversR. Fischer, I.A. Florez, R.B. Garðarsdóttir, Aikaterini Gari, Sylvie Graf, Peter Halama, Jamin Halberstadt, Magdalena S Halim, Renata M Heilman, Martina Hřebíčková, Johannes Alfons Karl, Goran Knežević, Michal Kohút, Martin Kolnes, Ljiljana B Lazarević, Nadezhda Lebedeva, Julie Lee, Young-Ho Lee, Chunquan Liu, Rasmus Mannerström, Iris Marušić, Florence Nansubuga, Oluyinka Ojedokun, Joonha Park, Tracey Platt, René T Proyer, Anu Realo, Jean-Pierre Rolland, Willibald Ruch, Desiree Ruiz, Florencia M Sortheix, Alexander Georg Stahlmann, Ana Stojanov, Włodzimierz Strus, Maya Tamir, Cláudio Torres, Angela Trujillo, Thi Khanh Ha Truong, Akira Utsugi, Michele Vecchione, Lei Wang, James A Russell

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Abstract

Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question-the focus of the present study-is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric V-shaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment ( N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature-independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship-were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	332-344
Journal	Emotion
Volume	23
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001095
Publication status	Published - 2023

Keywords

BIPOLARITY
CONTEXT
EMOTIONS
EXPERIENCE
PERSONALITY
PERSPECTIVE
SCALE
UNIVERSAL
arousal
culture
structure of affect
subjective experience
valence

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10.1037/emo0001095

MTO De Roover On the relationship between valence and arousal Emotion 2023 PostprintAccepted author manuscript, 1.44 MB
MTO De Roover on the relationship between valence and arousal Emotion 2022Final published version, 2.54 MBLicence: Taverne

Cite this

Yik, M., Mues, C., Sze, I. N. L., Kuppens, P., Tuerlinckx, F., de Roover, K., Kwok, F. H. C., Schwartz, S. H., Abu-Hilal, M., Adebayo, D. F., Aguilar, P., Al-Bahrani, M., Anderson, M. H., Andrade, L., Bratko, D., Bushina, E., Choi, J. W., Cieciuch, J., Dru, V., ... Russell, J. A. (2023). On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe. Emotion, 23(2), 332-344. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001095

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title = "On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe",

abstract = "Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question-the focus of the present study-is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric V-shaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment ( N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature-independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship-were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation. ",

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doi = "10.1037/emo0001095",

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pages = "332--344",

journal = "Emotion",

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Yik, M, Mues, C, Sze, INL, Kuppens, P, Tuerlinckx, F, de Roover, K, Kwok, FHC, Schwartz, SH, Abu-Hilal, M, Adebayo, DF, Aguilar, P, Al-Bahrani, M, Anderson, MH, Andrade, L, Bratko, D, Bushina, E, Choi, JW, Cieciuch, J, Dru, V, Evers, U, Fischer, R, Florez, IA, Garðarsdóttir, RB, Gari, A, Graf, S, Halama, P, Halberstadt, J, Halim, MS, Heilman, RM, Hřebíčková, M, Karl, JA, Knežević, G, Kohút, M, Kolnes, M, Lazarević, LB, Lebedeva, N, Lee, J, Lee, Y-H, Liu, C, Mannerström, R, Marušić, I, Nansubuga, F, Ojedokun, O, Park, J, Platt, T, Proyer, RT, Realo, A, Rolland, J-P, Ruch, W, Ruiz, D, Sortheix, FM, Stahlmann, AG, Stojanov, A, Strus, W, Tamir, M, Torres, C, Trujillo, A, Truong, TKH, Utsugi, A, Vecchione, M, Wang, L & Russell, JA 2023, 'On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe', Emotion, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 332-344. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001095

TY - JOUR

T1 - On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe

AU - Yik, M.

AU - Mues, C.

AU - Sze, I.N.L.

AU - Kuppens, P.

AU - Tuerlinckx, F.

AU - de Roover, K.

AU - Kwok, F.H.C.

AU - Schwartz, S.H.

AU - Abu-Hilal, M.

AU - Adebayo, D.F.

AU - Aguilar, P.

AU - Al-Bahrani, M.

AU - Anderson, M.H.

AU - Andrade, L.

AU - Bratko, D.

AU - Bushina, E.

AU - Choi, J.W.

AU - Cieciuch, J.

AU - Dru, V.

AU - Evers, U.

AU - Fischer, R.

AU - Florez, I.A.

AU - Garðarsdóttir, R.B.

AU - Gari, Aikaterini

AU - Graf, Sylvie

AU - Halama, Peter

AU - Halberstadt, Jamin

AU - Halim, Magdalena S

AU - Heilman, Renata M

AU - Hřebíčková, Martina

AU - Karl, Johannes Alfons

AU - Knežević, Goran

AU - Kohút, Michal

AU - Kolnes, Martin

AU - Lazarević, Ljiljana B

AU - Lebedeva, Nadezhda

AU - Lee, Julie

AU - Lee, Young-Ho

AU - Liu, Chunquan

AU - Mannerström, Rasmus

AU - Marušić, Iris

AU - Nansubuga, Florence

AU - Ojedokun, Oluyinka

AU - Park, Joonha

AU - Platt, Tracey

AU - Proyer, René T

AU - Realo, Anu

AU - Rolland, Jean-Pierre

AU - Ruch, Willibald

AU - Ruiz, Desiree

AU - Sortheix, Florencia M

AU - Stahlmann, Alexander Georg

AU - Stojanov, Ana

AU - Strus, Włodzimierz

AU - Tamir, Maya

AU - Torres, Cláudio

AU - Trujillo, Angela

AU - Truong, Thi Khanh Ha

AU - Utsugi, Akira

AU - Vecchione, Michele

AU - Wang, Lei

AU - Russell, James A

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question-the focus of the present study-is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric V-shaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment ( N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature-independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship-were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation.

AB - Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question-the focus of the present study-is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric V-shaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment ( N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature-independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship-were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation.

KW - BIPOLARITY

KW - CONTEXT

KW - EMOTIONS

KW - EXPERIENCE

KW - PERSONALITY

KW - PERSPECTIVE

KW - SCALE

KW - UNIVERSAL

KW - arousal

KW - culture

KW - structure of affect

KW - subjective experience

KW - valence

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130608520&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1037/emo0001095

DO - 10.1037/emo0001095

M3 - Article

C2 - 35446055

SN - 1528-3542

VL - 23

SP - 332

EP - 344

JO - Emotion

JF - Emotion

IS - 2

ER -

On the relationship between valence and arousal in samples across the globe

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Keywords

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