Online Proctoring: Privacy Invasion or Study Alleviation?: Discovering Acceptability Using Contextual Integrity

Arnout Terpstra; Alwin De Rooij; Alexander Schouten

doi:10.1145/3544548.3581181

Online Proctoring: Privacy Invasion or Study Alleviation? Discovering Acceptability Using Contextual Integrity

Arnout Terpstra, Alwin De Rooij, Alexander Schouten

TILT

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Detecting fraud during online exams using proctoring software comes with substantial privacy challenges. Previous work argues students experience heightened anxiety and have privacy concerns. However, little is known about which specific aspects of online proctoring cause these concerns. This study contributes such insights by using the Contextual Integrity (CI) framework to discover how students (N = 456) rate the acceptability of 1064 proctoring information flows with varying information types, recipients, and transmission principles. We find that the acceptability varies considerably depending on the context. Besides exposing obvious privacy violations, we find that, under certain conditions, students consider it acceptable to share data with teachers - despite their lack of involvement in proctoring. Also, the acceptability of sharing highly sensitive information - which should under no circumstances be shared - sometimes increases. We discuss the implications of these and other findings and provide concrete recommendations for educational institutions using online proctoring.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	CHI '23: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Publisher	ACM
Pages	1-20
Number of pages	20
ISBN (Print)	978-1-4503-9421-5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581181
Publication status	Published - 19 Apr 2023
Event	CHI '23: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Hamburg , Germany Duration: 23 Apr 2023 → 28 Apr 2023

Publication series

Name	Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings

Conference

Conference	CHI '23: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Country/Territory	Germany
City	Hamburg
Period	23/04/23 → 28/04/23

Keywords

Proctoring
Privacy
Contextual integrity
Design

Access to Document

10.1145/3544548.3581181

Cite this

Terpstra, A., Rooij, A. D., & Schouten, A. (2023). Online Proctoring: Privacy Invasion or Study Alleviation? Discovering Acceptability Using Contextual Integrity. In CHI '23: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-20). Article 167 (Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581181

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title = "Online Proctoring: Privacy Invasion or Study Alleviation?: Discovering Acceptability Using Contextual Integrity",

abstract = "Detecting fraud during online exams using proctoring software comes with substantial privacy challenges. Previous work argues students experience heightened anxiety and have privacy concerns. However, little is known about which specific aspects of online proctoring cause these concerns. This study contributes such insights by using the Contextual Integrity (CI) framework to discover how students (N = 456) rate the acceptability of 1064 proctoring information flows with varying information types, recipients, and transmission principles. We find that the acceptability varies considerably depending on the context. Besides exposing obvious privacy violations, we find that, under certain conditions, students consider it acceptable to share data with teachers - despite their lack of involvement in proctoring. Also, the acceptability of sharing highly sensitive information - which should under no circumstances be shared - sometimes increases. We discuss the implications of these and other findings and provide concrete recommendations for educational institutions using online proctoring.",

keywords = "Proctoring, Privacy, Contextual integrity, Design",

author = "Arnout Terpstra and Rooij, {Alwin De} and Alexander Schouten",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Owner/Author.; CHI '23: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems ; Conference date: 23-04-2023 Through 28-04-2023",

year = "2023",

month = apr,

day = "19",

doi = "10.1145/3544548.3581181",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-1-4503-9421-5",

series = "Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings",

publisher = "ACM",

pages = "1--20",

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}

Terpstra, A , Rooij, AD & Schouten, A 2023, Online Proctoring: Privacy Invasion or Study Alleviation? Discovering Acceptability Using Contextual Integrity. in CHI '23: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems., 167, Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings, ACM, pp. 1-20, CHI '23: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems , Hamburg , Germany, 23/04/23. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581181

Online Proctoring: Privacy Invasion or Study Alleviation? Discovering Acceptability Using Contextual Integrity. / Terpstra, Arnout ; Rooij, Alwin De ; Schouten, Alexander.
CHI '23: Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 2023. p. 1-20 167 (Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

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PY - 2023/4/19

Y1 - 2023/4/19

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AB - Detecting fraud during online exams using proctoring software comes with substantial privacy challenges. Previous work argues students experience heightened anxiety and have privacy concerns. However, little is known about which specific aspects of online proctoring cause these concerns. This study contributes such insights by using the Contextual Integrity (CI) framework to discover how students (N = 456) rate the acceptability of 1064 proctoring information flows with varying information types, recipients, and transmission principles. We find that the acceptability varies considerably depending on the context. Besides exposing obvious privacy violations, we find that, under certain conditions, students consider it acceptable to share data with teachers - despite their lack of involvement in proctoring. Also, the acceptability of sharing highly sensitive information - which should under no circumstances be shared - sometimes increases. We discuss the implications of these and other findings and provide concrete recommendations for educational institutions using online proctoring.

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KW - Contextual integrity

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Online Proctoring: Privacy Invasion or Study Alleviation? Discovering Acceptability Using Contextual Integrity

Abstract

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Keywords

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Cite this

Online Proctoring: Privacy Invasion or Study Alleviation? Discovering Acceptability Using Contextual Integrity

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

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Honorable mention

Cite this