@article{2373612d493544339c304b67ac71dc4a,
title = "Replicating extensive brain structural heterogeneity in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder",
abstract = "Identifying brain processes involved in the risk and development of mental disorders is a major aim. We recently reported substantial interindividual heterogeneity in brain structural aberrations among patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Estimating the normative range of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) data among healthy individuals using a Gaussian process regression (GPR) enables us to map individual deviations from the healthy range in unseen datasets. Here, we aim to replicate our previous results in two independent samples of patients with schizophrenia (n1 = 94; n2 = 105), bipolar disorder (n1 = 116; n2 = 61), and healthy individuals (n1 = 400; n2 = 312). In line with previous findings with exception of the cerebellum our results revealed robust group level differences between patients and healthy individuals, yet only a small proportion of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder exhibited extreme negative deviations from normality in the same brain regions. These direct replications support that group level-differences in brain structure disguise considerable individual differences in brain aberrations, with important implications for the interpretation and generalization of group-level brain imaging findings to the individual with a mental disorder.",
keywords = "Bipolar Disorder, Brain Imaging, Heterogeneity, Individual Patient, Mental Disorders, Normative Modeling, Schizophrenia",
author = "Thomas Wolfers and Jaroslav Rokicki and Dag Aln{\ae}s and Pierre Berthet and Ingrid Agartz and Kia, {Seyed Mostafa} and Tobias Kaufmann and Mariam Zabihi and Torgeir Moberget and Ingrid Melle and Beckmann, {Christian F.} and Andreassen, {Ole A.} and Marquand, {Andre F.} and Westlye, {Lars T.}",
note = "Funding Information: This study was performed on the TSD (Tjenester for Sensitive Data) facilities, owned by the University of Oslo, operated and developed by the TSD service group at the University of Oslo, IT‐Department (USIT) with resources provided by UNINETT Sigma2—the National Infrastructure for High Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway. The study is supported by the Research Council of Norway (223273, 249795, 298646, 300768, 276082), the South‐Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (2014097, 2015073, 2016083, 2019101), a Wellcome Trust Innovator award (“BRAINCHART”, 215698/Z/19/Z), and the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and Innovation program (ERC StG Grants 802998 and 847776). TW gratefully acknowledges the Niels Stensen Fellowship as well as the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska‐Curie Grant agreement No. 895011. We would like to thank the participants of these studies for their contribution. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. Funding Information: This study was performed on the TSD (Tjenester for Sensitive Data) facilities, owned by the University of Oslo, operated and developed by the TSD service group at the University of Oslo, IT-Department (USIT) with resources provided by UNINETT Sigma2—the National Infrastructure for High Performance Computing and Data Storage in Norway. The study is supported by the Research Council of Norway (223273, 249795, 298646, 300768, 276082), the South-Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority (2014097, 2015073, 2016083, 2019101), a Wellcome Trust Innovator award (“BRAINCHART”, 215698/Z/19/Z), and the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and Innovation program (ERC StG Grants 802998 and 847776). TW gratefully acknowledges the Niels Stensen Fellowship as well as the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant agreement No. 895011. We would like to thank the participants of these studies for their contribution. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/hbm.25386",
language = "English",
volume = "42",
pages = "2546--2555",
journal = "Human Brain Mapping",
issn = "1065-9471",
publisher = "Wiley-Liss Inc.",
number = "8",
}