Reproducibility failure in biomedical research: problems and solutions

Reproducibility concerns in biomedical research have persisted for more than a decade, with large-scale assessments revealing significant challenges in replicating findings. Despite widespread acknowledgment of these issues, responses remain inconsistent, and proposed solutions often lack rigorous evaluation. This review examines the factors that contribute to irreproducibility in conducting, reporting, and reviewing research and assesses the effectiveness and desirability of interventions aimed at improving re-producibility. It highlights the need for balanced scientific reforms that strengthen reproducibility without stifling innovation or introducing un-intended consequences. A critical appraisal of the role of meta-research is essential to ensure sustainable improvements in research quality.