Revisiting broad internalism: towards a moral account of sporting excellence

J.S. Russell’s account of broad internalism holds that the interpretation and application of rules should be guided by underlying principles aimed at maintaining and fostering sporting excellence. However, the concept of excellence that underpins this view remains insufficiently developed. This paper critically engages with Russell’s work, arguing that broad internalism requires a richer account of sporting excellence: one that incorporates moral sporting virtues. Such an account would better help adjudicate disputes over rule application and reinforce the role of sport in promoting human flourishing.