TY - JOUR
T1 - The fundamentals of eye tracking part 2
T2 - From research question to operationalization
AU - Hooge, Ignace
AU - Nuthmann, Antje
AU - Nyström, Marcus
AU - Niehorster, Diederick
AU - Holleman, Gijs
AU - Andersson, Richard
AU - Hessels, Roy
PY - 2025/1/24
Y1 - 2025/1/24
N2 - In this article, we discuss operationalizations and examples of experimental design in eye-tracking research. First, we distinguish direct operationalization for entities like saccades, which are closely aligned with their original concepts, and indirect operationalization for concepts not directly measurable, such as attention or mind-wandering. The latter relies on selecting a measurable proxy. Second, we highlight the variability in algorithmic operationalizations and emphasize that changing parameters can affect outcome measures. Transparency in reporting these parameters and algorithms is crucial for comparisons across studies. Third, we provide references to studies for common operationalizations in eye-tracking research and discuss key operationalizations in reading research. Fourth, the IO-model is introduced as a tool to help researchers operationalize difficult concepts. Finally, we present three example experiments with useful methods for eye-tracking research, encouraging readers to consider these examples for inspiration in their own experiments.
AB - In this article, we discuss operationalizations and examples of experimental design in eye-tracking research. First, we distinguish direct operationalization for entities like saccades, which are closely aligned with their original concepts, and indirect operationalization for concepts not directly measurable, such as attention or mind-wandering. The latter relies on selecting a measurable proxy. Second, we highlight the variability in algorithmic operationalizations and emphasize that changing parameters can affect outcome measures. Transparency in reporting these parameters and algorithms is crucial for comparisons across studies. Third, we provide references to studies for common operationalizations in eye-tracking research and discuss key operationalizations in reading research. Fourth, the IO-model is introduced as a tool to help researchers operationalize difficult concepts. Finally, we present three example experiments with useful methods for eye-tracking research, encouraging readers to consider these examples for inspiration in their own experiments.
KW - eye tracking
KW - experimental design
KW - operationalization
U2 - 10.3758/s13428-024-02590-2
DO - 10.3758/s13428-024-02590-2
M3 - Article
SN - 1554-3528
VL - 57
SP - 1
EP - 30
JO - Behavior Research Methods
JF - Behavior Research Methods
IS - 73
ER -