To vote or not to vote? A macro perspective: Electoral participation of first and second generation immigrants in 22 European countries from different countries of origin

Electoral participation of immigrants is an important issue in Europe, particularly because immigrants vote less often than natives. This may suggest a lack of political integration and might result in proportionally lower representation in parliament, in turn aecting democratic legitimacy. This research analyses 8,132 immigrants in 24 European countries. We find that
although the largest dierences are at the level of the country of destination, the measured characteristics of the country of origin oer more powerful explanations. We conclude that immigrants from countries with more political and socio-economic opportunities have a higher propensity to vote. Immigrants who live in countries with a higher economic development level also vote more often.