Using Deep Learning to Detect Facial Markers of Complex Decision Making

Gianluca Guglielmo, Irene Font Peradejordi, Michał Klincewicz

    Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionScientificpeer-review

    Abstract

    In this paper, we report on an experiment with The Walking Dead (TWD), which is a narrative-driven adventure game where players have to survive in a post-apocalyptic world filled with zombies. We used OpenFace software to extract action unit (AU) intensities of facial expressions characteristic of decision-making processes and then we implemented a simple convolution neural network (CNN) to see which AUs are predictive of decision-making. More specifically, this study aims
    to identify the facial regions that are predictive of decision-making. Our results provide evidence that the pre-decision variations in action units 17 (chin raiser), 23 (lip tightener), and 25 (parting of lips) are predictive of decision-making processes. Furthermore, when combined, their predictive power increased up to .81 accuracy on the test set; we offer speculations about why it is that these particular three AUs were found to be connected to decision-making. Our results also suggest that machine learning methods in combination with video games may be used to accurately and automatically identify complex decision-making processes using AU intensity alone. Finally, our study offers a new method to test specific hypotheses about the relationships between higher-order cognitive processes and behavior, which relies on both narrative video games and easily accessible software, like OpenFace.
    Original languageEnglish
    Title of host publicationAdvances in Computer Games 2021
    Subtitle of host publicationLecture Notes in Computer Science
    EditorsC. Browne, A. Kishimoto, J. Schaeffer
    PublisherSpringer
    Pages187-196
    Number of pages10
    Volume13262
    ISBN (Electronic)978-3-031-11488-5
    ISBN (Print)978-3-031-11487-8
    Publication statusPublished - 2022

    Keywords

    • Video Games
    • Decision-Making
    • Facial Expression
    • Facial Action Coding System (FACS)
    • Machine Learning
    • Deep Learning

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